Division aligner



Sept. 29, 1953 G. w. HOPKINS 2,653,764

DIVISION ALIGNER Filed Jan. 50, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIIEI E IN V EN TOR.

7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 30, 1950 m muHluw INVENTOR.

Sept. 29, 1953 G. w. HOPKINS 2,653,764

DIVISION ALIGNER Filed Jan. 50, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 41 '(I 520 542 76 QQ ma IN V EN TOR.

Sept. 29, 1953 G. w. HOPKINS DIVISION ALIGNER 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 50, 1950 INVENTOR.

Sept. 29, 1953 G. w. HOPKINS 2,653,764

DIVISION ALIGNER Filed Jan. 30, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 wow I .1 F P I Hm E w m a nu 3n qowu ibmi 0+ P4 mm I J I \bnn 1 M 2m? N l mm 5 W E IN VEN TOR. I

Sept. 29, 1953 G. w. HOPKINS 2,653,764

DIVISION ALIGNER Filed Jan. 30, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 IN V EN TOR.

Patented Sept. 29 1953 2,653,764 DIVISION ALIGNER George W. Hopkins, San Leandro, Calif., assignor to Friden Calculating Machine 00., Inc., a corporation of California Application January 30, 1950, Serial No. 141,275

8 Claims.

This invention relates to a division mechanism for calculating machines and more particularly to means for automatically ali ning the dividend and divisor prior to the outset of a division operation.

In performing division operations on calculating machines of the type having relatively shiftable dividend and divisor receiving devices, it has been necessary in the past for the operator of the machine to enter each of the factors into the machine and then to manually control the shift or" the factor receiving devices relative to one another until the highest significant digits of the factors have been brought into alignment. The division mechanism is then set into operation by manipulation of a suitable control key or lever and the machine proceeds to divide dividend by the divisor in a fully automatic manner without requiring any further attention on the part of the operator.

The present invention deals with an improved mechanism for rendering the automatic division mechanism of a calculating machine more com letely automatic by causing the dividend divi o to be properly aligned prior to the oi the division phase of the operating sequence. lhe mechanism of the present invention is o operable to decrease the length of time reu lifed to complete such a division operation by automatically entering a substantial portion of the quotient into the revolutions counter during the alignment phase the operating cycle. after the operator has set the dividend and di visor a machine constructed and operated in accordance with the present the division key is epressed and the novel mechanism to mil disclosed causes a substantial portion of the quotient to be entered. into the revolutions counter while the two factor receiving devices are shifted r lative to each other until the highest order re brought into proper aiig-.nient for ivision, wi'iereupon the machine proceeds to rapidly complete final determination of th quotient during automatic division.

It is an important object of the present inthereiore, to provide a mechanism for automatically aligning the dividend and the sor prior to the outset of an automatic division operation.

It is anoth r object of the instant invention to provide an automatic division aligning mechanism for a calculatins machine which is operable to substantially speed up the operation of the automatic division mechanism by entering a substantial portion of the quotient into the revolutions counter during the automatic selfaligning phase of the division operation.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a dividend and divisor aligning mechanism which utilizes the existing automatic division mechanism for eiiecting alignment of the division factors in a calculating machine, which mechanism is operable to speed up determination of the quotient by automatically entering a substantial portion thereof into the revolutions counter during the aligning operation.

It is still another object of the present inventicn to provide a mechanism for automatically aligning the dividend and divisor in a calculating machine in such a manner as to cause a portion of the quotient to be entered into the revolutions counter while the two factor receivin devices are shifted relative to each other until the highest order digits are brought into proper alignment for division, thereby enabling the machine to automatically complete the determination of the quotient in less time than would otherwise be required.

Further objects are to provide a construction of maximum simplicity, economy, and ease of assembly and disassembly, also such. further objects, advantages, and capabilities as will fully appear and as are inherently possessed by the device and the invention described herein.

The invention further resides in the combine. tion, construction, and arrangement of illustrated in the accompanying drawings, while there is shown therein a preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that the same is illustrative of the invention that the invention is capable of modification an change and comprehends other details of construction without departing from the spirit thereof, or the scope of the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional elevation showing the basic mechanism of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a view showing those parts of the division control mechanism which are mounted on the left-hand side of the control plate.

Fig. 3 is a view showing those parts of the division control mechanism which are mounted on the right-hand side of the control plate.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the overdraft control mechanism taken along the line i in Fig. 6 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the inboard order sensin means for rendering the division programming mechanism operative to effect alignment of the dividend in the accumulator with the divisor on thekeyboard.

Fig. 6 is a plan view showing the lateral arrangement of certain of the parts involved in the novel division aligner mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of the carriage shift reversing mechanism taken along the line ?'i in Fig. 6 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 8 is a front view of the carriage shift reversing mechanism taken along the line 8-8 in Fig. 6. Y

The machine to be hereinafter shown. and described is basically the same as the calculating machine shown in U. S. Patent No. 2,229,889 issued to Carl M. F. Friden on January 28, 1941, and hence, only so much of the mechanism shown and described in the aforesaid patent will be set forth herein as is necessary in order to provide a complete understanding of the manner in which the present mechanism is related to that shown in the patent. Similarly, the automatic division mechanism herein employed is essentially like that illustrated in Frieden Patents No. 2,327,981 and No. 2,403,273; therefore, only those parts of the automatic division mechanism which are directly concerned with the present invention will be disclosed in this application.

Selecting and actuating mechanisms Referring now to Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a calculating machine provided with a plurality of rows .or banks of amount keys 29, each of which is mounted for vertical sliding movement by a pair of oblong slots 2| adapted to cooperate with through-rods 22 which are transversely supported horizontally across the keyboard frame. The keys in each bank are resiliently urged to their raised positions by means of a longitudinally extending coil spring 23 supported by the keyboard frame in such a manner that the spring is threaded over the upper through-rods 22 and under the pins 2 provided on the stems of the keys 29. The lower ends of the key stems carry studs 25 which are adapted to cooperate with inclined cam faces 26 provided on the longitudinally disposed selection slides 21. There are two such slides associated with each bank of keys in the keyboard, each slide 27 being supported for endwise reciprocating movement below the keyboard by means of a pair of parallel links 28. The rearward supporting links only are shown in Fig. 1, being pivotally connected at their upper ends to the selection slides 2'! and pivotally supported at their lower ends on a transverse rod 29 supported by an angle bar 30 which extends between a left side frame 3| and a right side frame 32 (Fig. 6) and is supported thereby across the bed of the machine. Side frames 3| and 32 are suitably secured to a base 33 which also serves as a support for the removable covers or housing 34 of the machine.

Each of the selection slides '21 is resiliently urged toward the rear of the machine by a spring 35 tensioned between the lower end of each'of. the

rear supporting links 23 and anangle bar 36 extending between the side frames of the machine. At their rearward ends, the selection slides 27 are provided with bent-over and downwardly depend ing forked extensions 3? which engage with coacting grooves provided in the hubs of a pair of selector gears 38. The selection gears 38 are slidably and nonrotatably mounted on a square shaft 39 which is suitably journalled at its ends in the crossframe members it and ll and is also rotatably supported intermediate its ends by a suitable bearing provided in an intermediate crossframe extending transversely between the side frames 3| and 32 of the machine.

The selector gears 35 are arranged to cooperate with a drum-type actuator 45 secured to an actuator shaft 46 which is journalled between the crossframe members 4-9 and 52, which shaft has secured to its forward end a bevel gear 6? which meshes with a bevel gear 48 secured to a transverse inidirectional drive shaft 49. Also secured to the same actuator shaft 35 in a position immediately behind the drum 45 is a second actuator drum 50 which is adapted to similarly cooperate with a pair of selector gears controlled by an adjacent bank of amount keys 28.

As is more fully shown and described in the aforementioned patents, the actuator drums l5 and 5B for adjacent orders of the machine are provided with a series of stepped actuator teeth which serve to rotate the selector gears by differential amounts whenever the latter are slid forwardly on the square shaft 39 and into cooperative driving relationship with the drum teeth. As is fully described in the above-mentioned patents, the 1 to 5 keys 2t control the selector gears associated with the forward end of the actuator drums 55 and 5S, while the 6 to 9 keys control the selector gears associated with the rear end of the actuator drums. When one of the 1 to 5 keys or one of the 6 to keys is depressed, its associated selector bar or slide 2i is moved forwardly by a differential amount through the cooperation of the key stem stud 25 with its coacting inclined camming surface 28, so as to cause the corresponding selector gear 33 to be differentially positioned with respect to H8 associated actuator drum. The actuator teeth on the drums 45 and 55) will therefore rotate the selector gears 38 and the associated square shafts 39 to an extent depending upon the value of the particular keyboard key 25 which has been depressed.

Slidably and nonrotatably mounted on the rear end of each square shaft 39 is a sleeve 55 to which is secured an add gear 55 and an oppositely disposed subtract gear 51, which gears are arranged to cooperate selectively with abevel gear 53 secured to the lower end of a coacting dial shaft es, the latter being suitably journalled in carriage frame which extends longitudinally across a shiftable numeral wheel carriage 68. Secured to the upper end of each dial shaft 59 is a numeral wheel 6! bearing the numerals from 0 to 9 which may be viewed through a suitable aperture or window 52 provided in the shiftable carriage housing 53.

The add and subtract gears 56 and 5? are normally maintained in a neutral position and out of engagement with the bevel gears iii; by the action of a conventional spring actuated centralizer mechanism M (Fig. 3) which yieldingly tends to maintain a transverse gate control shaft in the neutral position illustrated in Fig. l. Shaft 65 is journalled in the side frame members 3! and 32 and has secured thereto a pair of upwardly extending spaced arms 66 which support, parallel with the axis of shaft 55, a strap or gate 61 lying within the space existing between the add and subtract gears 56 and 5?. Whenever bevel gears 55 and 57 are maintained in their neutral position by the action of centralizer 64, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the numeral wheel carriage 68 may be shifted laterally across the machine Without interference from add gear 56 or subtract gear 51. However, by means of mechanism hereinafter to be described, the gate 6'! may be moved rearwardly so as to engage add gear 56, with bevel gear 58 so that upon rotation of the actuator shafts 46 the accumulator wheels 6| will be rotated in a forward or positive direction. Similarly, in subtract operations, the gate 61 is moved forwardly so as to cause the subtract gear 51 to mesh with dial shaft gear 58 and thereby cause the associated numeral wheel 5! to be rotated in a reverse or negative direction upon unidirectional rotation of the actuator shafts 45.

Tens transfer mechanism Secured to the lower end of each of the dial shafts 59 just above the gear 55 is a transfer cam i which is adapted to coo erate with a transfer lever H, bearing a stud '52, which is journalled in the carriage frame bar Mounted on the outer end of the transfer lever fl is a downwardly depending pin 53 which lies between a pair of flanges provided on the hub M of a tens-transfer gear located in the next higher order of the machine. The hub M and the gear '55 are slidably and nonrotatably mounted on the square shaft 39 in such a manner that rotation of the gear 15 will be transmitted through the add-subtract gears 5 5'5 to the coacting dial shaft When the accumulator numeral wheel 6! passes from O to 9 or from 9 to 0, a single tooth or nose on the transfer cam ii! is operative to rock the transfer lever H and move the pin l3 forwardly so as to move the transfer gear '55 forwardly into the path of a single transfer tooth provided on a tens-transfer actuator Hi secured to the shaft 46. Since pin 13 is operative to control the transfer gear in the next higher order of the machine, the accumulator dial 5! in the next highest order will be advanced one step by the tens-transfer actuator is in such a manner as to effect the tens-carry from one order to the next higher order as required.

Revolutions counter Also provided in the numeral wheel carriage 68 is a series of revolutions counter wheels 39, each of which is secured to a longitudinally extending shaft 81 having its opposing ends journalled in the carriage frame bar 82 and in the hollow crossbar 50. Each of the wheels 89 is pro vided with a series of numerals from o to 9 which may be viewed through a window i5 5 provided in the carriage casing 63. Secured to each of the shafts Bl in a position adjacent to the wheels is a ten-tooth actuator gear 84 which is arranged to cooperate with a revolutionscounter actuator mechanism 85 mounted on a shaft 19. The shaft i9 is rocked (clockwise in Fig. l) to permit the nose of the actuator to rock into mesh with the gear 84, and then the shaft is shifted longitudinally to rock the gear 86 for a count of 1. Whenever the numeral wheel carriage 68 is in its extreme left-hand position, the rightmost revolutions counter wheel 80 will be thus advanced one step for each rotation of the 6 actuator shafts 46. This mechanism is fully shown and described in the above-mentioned Patent No. 2,229,889 to which reference may be had for a full and complete disclosure of the revolutions-counter mechanism.

Plus and minus keys A plus key 90 and a minus key 95, slidably mounted on control plate 92, selectively determine positive or negative registration on the carriage numeral wheels BI, and a depression of either of the keys 953, 9! serves to engage the clutch and close the motor circuit, as well as select the sign character of the registration. The plus and minus keys 90, 9! are provided with the respective roller studs E33 and 94 (Fig. 2) which cooperate with inclined cam faces :25 and $6, respectively, formed on a gate setting slide 9?. Slide 9'! is pivotally connected to the upper ends of arms 98 and IOI (Figs. 2 and 3), the arm as being pivoted at 92 to the control plate 92, while the arm [0| is secured to the gate shaft 65. Thus, depression of plus key 9G moves the gate setting slide 9? rearwardly in such a manner as to rotate shaft 65 clockwise, thereby moving gate 5'! (Fig. 1) toward the rear of the machine so as to cause the add gears 56 to engage with the dial shaft gears 58. Similarly, depression of the minus key 9! brings stud into engagement with the inclined surface 36, thereby causing slide 9'5 to move forwardly and rotate gate shaft t counterclockwise so as to bring the subtract gears into engagement with the dial shaft gears For the purpose of initiating the cycling mechanisrn of the machine when either of the control keys S5 or 9| is depressed, each of these keys is provided with a half-round stud 02 which is adapted to cooperate with an inclined canirning surface I03 provided on a cycle initiating slide its. The rear end of this slide bears against a control pin I95 which is adapted to be moved rearwardly thereby so as to impart a correspond ing movement to an associated linkage mechanism which is operable to energize the driving motor of the machine and to cause the clutch thereof to be engaged. This mechanism is shown and described in the afore inentioned Patent No. 2,327,981 to which reference may be had for a more complete disclosure thereof.

Carriage shift mechanism Mechanism is provided for shifting the carriage in either direction from one ordinal position to another by power driven means which is controlled by manually operable shift keys and is actuated by the two right-hand actuator shafts 4B in a manner to be hereinafter more fully described.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 6, numeral wheel carriage 68 has supported thereon a notched 1 late iii}, the notches of which are arranged to be en gaged by a pair of shift pins ii! secured to the rear face of a carriage shift gear H2 journalled in the crossframe M. For each one-half revolution of shift gear i i2, carriage 83 will be shifted one ordinal position in such a manner as to cause the dial shaft gears to lie in coopera tive relationship with the next adjacent set of add-subtract gears 5%, iii. Shift gear H2 is centralized by means of a cam i it which coasts with a pair of suitable centralizing arms {i i having a coiled tension spring suitably connected therebetween. Thus, when the pins iii are in horizontal alignment as shown in Figs. 1 and 6, carriage 88 is properly located in one of its predetermined ordinal positions by the action 'of the centralizing mechanism.

Referring now to Fig. 6, the two right most actuating shafts '46 are extended rearwardly and are operable selectively to drive shift gear H2 in either direction. For this purpose each of the jaw collars II5 carried by the rear end of these two actuating shafts is provided with a diametric slot which engages a toothed coll'a'r II'I, longitudinally shiftable with respect to the associated shaft 46 and collar 'II5 but rotatable therewith. Each s'hiftable coupling II! is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed clutch teeth I I8 which are designed to engage with corresponding slots provided in gear sleeves H9 and I20, the latter being rotatably journalled between the crossbar 4! and a frame plate I2I. Gear sleeve II9 has mounted thereon a gear I22 adapted to mesh with an idler gear I23 (Fig. 1) journall'ed between the crossframe dI and the plate I H, which gear I23 also meshes with the shift gear II2. Gear sleeve I20 has mounted thereon a gear I24 which lies out of the plane of the idler gear I23 and meshes with a wide reverse idler gear I25 which is suitably journalled bee counter-clockwise rotation in shift gear H2 and .i

causes the carriage 68 to be shifted to the left. Thus, by selectively establishing one or the other of the drive connections between the gear sleeves II9 and I2!) and their associated collars I I5, carriage 68 may be shifted laterally in either direction. The connection between the collars and their associated gear sleeves may be selectively effected by shifting the members II'I rearwardly so as to establish a drive from the actuator shafts 56 to the carriage shift gear I I2. The gear ratios 4 are selected in such a manner that one rotation of the actuating shaft effects a 180 degree rotation of shift gear I I2, and with the result that carriage 68 is shifted one ordinal space to the right or to the left.

A pair of manually operable shift keys, preferably of the type disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,327,635 issued to Carl M. Frid'en on August 24-, 1943, are provided for controlling the operation of the coupling members III. Whenever the right shift key is depressed for shifting carriage 63 toward the right, sleeve I29 (Fig. l) is rocked counter-clockwise about its supporting shaft I30, which sleeve is journalled between the right side frame 32 and bracket I35. In this manner an arm I3I secured to the left end of sleeve I29 is caused to engage with the forward end of rod I32 which is mounted for endwise sliding movement in crossbars and 42. As shown in Fig. 1, rod I32 is resiliently urged towards the front of the machine by a spring I33 compressed between cross bar 40 and a suitable washer mounted on the forward end of rod 532. At the rear end of rod I32 there is provided a shift fork I34, the end of Which is adapted to engage with an angular groove provided in the associated coupling member II'I (see also Fig. 6). Thus, when sleeve I29 is rocked counter-clockwise, arm I-3I will move rod I32 rearwardly in opposition "to the action of spring I33 so as to move the teeth -I I8 on coupling member III into engagement with corresponding notches provided in the gear sleeve I20. This rearward movement of member II! is insufficient to cause the teeth on the end of the associated actuator shaft 66 to become disengaged from the slots provided in collar II5, with the result that a positive driving connection is established between the actuator shaft 46 and gear sleeve I20. As is more fully disclosed in the afore-mentioned Patent No. 2,327,635, depression of either of the shift keys causes the electric driving motor to be energized and the clutch to be engaged so that actuator shafts 46 are rotated in such a manner as to cause shifting movement of the carriage.

' In a smilar manner, depression of the left shift key will cause the shaft I30 to be rocked counterclockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11, thereby causing an arm secured to the shaft, similar to arm I3I, to move a rod I36 (Fig. 6), similar to the rod I32, rearwardly in the machine in such a manner as to cause its associated shift fork I3? to move the left-hand coupling member II'i rearwardly for operatively engaging the teeth IIS thereof with the coacting slots provided in gear sleeve Automatic division mechanism The machine shown in the accompanying drawings is provided with a mechanism for enabling a dividend set up on the accumulator wheels 6| to be automatically divided by the method of successive subtraction by a divisor set up on the amount keys 20. As was mentioned earlier herein, the mechanism provided in the present machine for accomplishing this purpose is similar to that shown in U. S. Patent No. 2,327,981, and, therefore, only those parts of the automatic division mechanism which are directly concerned with the present invention will now be described.

The automatic division mechanism operates to control the functioning of the machine so as to cause the divisor to be repeatedly subtracted from the dividend until an overdraft occurs in the accumulator, whereupon the overdraft is corrected and the carriage is then automatically shifted one ordinal space to the left. This sequence is continually repeated during the division operation and the number of subtraction cycles eifected in each order is registered in the revolutions counter as the quotient. This division operation is controlled by the program control mechanism, which becomes effective each time an overdraft occurs in the accumulator to program the operation of the add-subtract mechanism and the carriage shift mechanism in such a manner as to cause a predetermined sequence of operations during uninterrupted cyclic operation of the division mechanism. The division operation is initiated by the depression of a division key, which causes the program control gated slots I46 for endwise sliding movement on the coacting guide studs I41 carried by control plate 92. Key I45 is normally urged to its raised position by means of a suitable spring I48 and the key is also provided with an in clined cam face I49 which bears against a roller stud I50 mounted on a division control slide I5I,

-which slide is supported for endwise sliding and at its other end to a stud I59 mounted on control plate 92. The resilient action of spring I58 normally maintains a shoulder I66 on latch I56 beneath a stud I6I mounted on the forward end of a division setting actuator I62 which is pivotally supported on screw 56I afiixed to the control plate 92. This actuator I62 is urged to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction by the resilient action of a relatively strong spring I64 tensioned between the actuator and the stud I59 in such a manner as to urge stud I6I into engagement with shoulder I66. Whenever the division key I45 is depressed, however, cam face I49 (Fig. 2) engages roller stud I56 in such a manner as to move slide I5I rearwardly, with the result that the roller stud I54 thereon rocks latch I55 (clockwise in Fig. 3) so as to remove shoulder I66 from beneath stud I6I and allow the actuator I62 to be rocked counter-clockwise by the resilient action of the relatively strong spring I64. Actuator I62 will be restored to its initial position during recycling of the machine by the cam action of a roller I65 (Fig. 3) secured to the face of a gear 262 which rotates with the shaft 49, which roller is operable to engage an inclined cam face I66 formed on an upwardly extending arm of the actuator in such a manner as to rock actuator I62 (clockwise in Fig. 3) against the urgency of spring I64 and thereby permit latch I56 to re-engage with the stud I5I.

Lying beneath the forward end of actuator I62 is a roller I68 (see also Fig. 2) carried by the lower end of a link I69 which is pivotally connected as at I61 to the forward end of a connecting lever I16, which lever is pivoted as at I1I to a follower arm I12 pivoted as at I13 v This arm I 12 is urged in sion operations in such a manner as to control the setting of the add-subtract gate and the intermittent operation of the left shift clutch, which operations are performed in a predetermined sequence so as to cause the machine to carry out a division operation in a fully automatic manner.

Lever I16 is provided at its rearward end with an upwardly directed arm I86 (Fig. 2) which is bifurcated at its upper extremity for the purpose of engaging with a stud I8! carried by the gate setting slide 91. Ihus, a depression of division key I45 releases actuator I62 (Fig. 3) for operation under the influence of spring I64 in such a manner as to impart a downward movement to roller I66 and cause lever I16 (Fig. 1

2) to be rocked clockwise. When the control shaft I11 is in the normal or home position illustrated in Fig. 2, cam I16 thereon causes arm I12 to be maintained in its most forward position so that when lever I16 is rocked clockwise, by

depressing division key I45, an inclined cam face I82 provided on the rear lip of the bifurcation engages with stud I8I and forces gate setting slide 91 into its forward position so as to engage the subtract gears 51 with the dial shaft gears 58. Mounted on the arm I86 is a stud I65 which is adapted to be engaged by a spring-pressed latch so as to retain lever I16 in its operative position throughout the division operation.

Pivotally connected to the upper end of link I69 is the rearwardly extending arm of a bellcrank lever I96 (Fig. 2) which is pivotally supported at its forward end by a screw I9! secured to control plate 92. This lever I96 has an upwardly extending right angle extension which lies immediately in front of a pin I92 carried by the cycle initiating slide I64. The lever I96 isiirged in a clockwise direction (Fig. 2) by a spring" I93 in such a manner as to normally maintain link I89 in its raised position wherein roller I68 engages with the underside of actuator I62 (Fig. 3) and maintains lever I16 in the position shown in Fig. 2. Whenever division key I45 is depressed, however, link I66 is forced downwardly by the action of the relatively strong spring I64, thereby rocking lever I66 (counterclockwise in Fig. 2) and forcing slide I64 rearwardly so as to actuate the stud I65 in such a manner as to energize the electric driving motor and simultaneously move the main *lutch of the machine to its fully engaged or to que transmitting position.

Referring now to Fig. 3, it will be noted that program control shaft llTextends through plate 92 and has secured to its right-hand end a small mutilated gear I98 which is positionable in driving relationship with a larger mutilated gear I99 secured to a conventional gear 266, the latter being rotatably journalled on a screw 26I mounted in control plate 92. Gear 266 meshes with gear 262 carried by transverse drive shaft 56, which shaft is driven by a motor and gear train (not shown herein but fully described in Patent No. 2,229,889 above mentioned) whenever the mainclutch I91 (Fig. 6) is engaged. The small mutilated gear I98 is normally located in an inoperative position wherein it lies out of the plane of the larger mutilated gear I69, which inactive position is determined by a notch provided in gear I98 engaging over a pin 263 projecting outwardly from the control plate 92. As viewed from the front of the machine, shaft I11 and the smallmutilated gear I98 carried thereby arenormally urged to the left by a suitable compression spring, not shown, mounted on the lefthand end of the shaft I11, which spring is adapted to urge the notch in gear I98 to engage over pin 263 in order to normally maintain the small mutilated gear I98 out of the plane of the large mutilated gear I99. As shown in Fig. 3, gear I98 has three peripherally equidistantly spacedapart sets of three teeth, each such set being adapted for cooperation with a single set of two teeth provided on the large mutilated gear i99. As gear I96 rotates counter-clockwise during cycling of the machine the two teeth thereon are positioned to successively engage each of the sets of three teeth on gear I98 before the add-shift-subtract cycle is completed. Thus, when gear I98 is projected into the path of gear I99 during a division operation, gear I96 will be rotated clockwise through one-third of a revolution at the end of the first complete revolution of gear 266 and also through one-third of a revolution at the end of each of the two 11 next succeeding complete revolutions of; gear 290, during which time gear l98 is maintained in its projected position into the plane of'gear I99 by engagement of the outermost end 'offpin 203 with the inner face of the small mutilated programming gear I98.

A stud 2II mounted below stud L85 on lever I (Fig. 2) lies beneath the forward end of an arm 2I2 secured to a laterally extending shaft 2I3journalled in control plate 92 and, in the left side frame 3i of the machine. Near the left-hand side of the machine, shaft 213 carries an arm 2'I4 (Figs. 1 and 4) which carries a stud 2I5 adapted to engage with an elongated slot 2I6 provided in the lower end of an overdraft control link 2 ll. Link 2I'I. is pivoted at its upper end on a pin 2 I8 carried by a yoke 2 I9, the latter being secured to an extension 220 provided on the highest order tens-transfer detent pin 22!.

As shown in Fig. 4, pin 22I has a pair'ofafianges 222 adapted to engage with either side of one of the coacting flanges provided on the hub I4 for the associated highest order tens-transfergear "I5, which hub is located on the leftmost square shaft 39 of the machine.

est order transfer gear, the resulting overdraft moves pin 22I forwardly so as to caus a corresponding movement-of the yoke 2I9 and the overdraft control link 2II pivotally attached thereto. In the normal position illustrated in Fig. 4, the forward end of link 2|] is urged to its lower or inactive position by a spring 223.

Upon depression of the division key I45 andv rockin of the lever IIII, however, shaft 2I3 will be rocked by stud 2! I and arm 2I2 (clockwise as view-ed in Fig. 4) ,thereby lifting. the forward end of link 2I'Iin such a manner asto place an abutment face 224 thereon immediately behind a bail 225 which is pivotally, but nonslidably mounted on the programcontrol shaft I'Il, which Whenever a transfer is to be effected from a lower to a higher bail is normally held in the counter-clockwise,

position shown in Fig. 4, by the resilient-action of spring 221. Whenever the abutment face 224. of link 2!? has been moved up behind. bail 225,

and an overdraft takes place which causes the highest order transfer gear to be moved forward, bail-225 will be rocked clockwise, about shaft H1, in opposition to the action of spring 221, and in such a manner as to move a flag 232. formed on bail 225 into the path of travel of a pin 2,33 secured to an actuating disk 234 carried by a shaft 460, which'shaft corresponds to the actuator shafts 46 with the exception that the actu-' ators and 50 are omitted. Thereafter, as this shaft 460 rotates counter-clockwise, as viewed from the front of the machine, pin 233 contacts flag 232 near the end. of that machine cycle and forces shaft I'I'I to the rightsoas to move the small mutilated gear I98 into the path of its associated driving gear I99. In this manner shaft Il'I andeccentric cam I16 (Fig. 2); will. be given three steps of intermittent movement during the next three machine cycles, after which gear I95 will drop back over the pin 203 and be returned to its inactive position. Meanwhile, overdraft control link 2I'I is moved toward the rear of the machine so as torelease the flag 226 as a result of the restoration of the detent:

pin 22I by the restoring cam '230 carried by the rear end of. the leftmost actuator shaft 46..

Whenever eccentric cam I15 occupies the position marked A in Fig. 2, which is-the position of the cam when the notch in the small mutilated gear I98. engages with pin 20,3, clockwise move-, ment of lever I ll! (Fig. 2) causes gate setting slide 91 to be moved forwardly in such a manner as to engage the subtract gears 51 with the dial. shaft gears 58. At the end of the subtract cycle in which an overdraft occurs, however, shaft I11- will be rotated counter-clockwise (Fig, 2). through degrees to the position marked 13; with the result that arm I72, will also be rocked counter-clockwise and move lever I'Ill, toward the rear of the machine, thereby causing the add:

- add-subtract gears 56 and 51 are held out of engagement with the dial shafts 58 immediately.

prior to a carriage shifting operation. Arm I12; is yieldably urged to and, maintained in this intermediate position by the action ofv a spring,-

urged' centralize! arm 245 having a V-shaped,

nose'ad'apted to engage with a corresponding notch provided inthe upper edge of arm I12.

In order to cause the carriage to, be shifted one ordinal position to the left, that is, in the direction of increasing orders; during the machine cycle following the angular movement of. shaft I'I'I to position 0, shaft III has secured thereto a earn 246. (Fig. '6) provided with an actuating nose 24!. When shaft Ill is moved toward the right by the action of pin 23.3011 flag, 232, cam 24ll'is conditioned for operation by being moved into the'planeofa follower arm 242 securedto a transverse. shaft 244 journalled at'its right-hand end in the side frame 32 and at its left-hand end iri'a bracket 245 secured to the crossframe 42.

Referring to Fig. 6, it will beobserved that the axial movement which is imparted'to shaft Ill and cam'240 by stud. 233 is such as to, bring the nose 24! of cam 24!] into the plane of follower arm 242. The "angular positioning ofnose' 24I on 'cam. 245 is such that whenever eccentric cam I15 on shaft I His turned from position B to position 0, cam 24c rocks follower arm 242, upwardly'so as to impart'a rocking movement to shaft 244 (clockwise'when viewed from the, right) Shaft 244 has a clutch'member 523 (Fig. 6) nonrotatably'an'd slidably mounted thereon. Normally this member'engages a collar 52? rotatably mounted'on the shaft 244 having fast therewith an arm 524 cooperable with a yoke I34 for causing a right shift when the shaft is rocked. However, during division operations, the jaw clutch member 523' is moved to the left to engage left shift clutch collar 528.

vision operation is initiated. A depression of.

key' 25 8 actuates a conventional linkagemecha- V Collar 523 has an. integral arm 525 which, when rocked (clockwise nism so as to cause the revolutions counter 80 to be operated in a reverse or negative direction, thereby enabling the subtraction cycles occurring during a division operation to be counted in a positive sense. The mechanism for accomplishthis result is indicated generally at 259 in Fig. 3, and completely disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,294,111 granted to Carl M. F. Friden on August 1942.

Automatic division aligner Since the numeral wheel carriage normally comes to rest in its extreme left-hand position at the conclusion of a division operation, it has been necessary for the machine operator to shift the carriage to the right in performing a subsequent division operation until the highest order digits of the dividend and the divisor are brought into proper alignment. in order to render this alignment operation automatic, and to relieve the operator of the necessity of controlling the shift of the carriage until the dividend and divisior are properly aligned for the performance of a division operation, the mechanism hereinafter to be described has been provided. In the use of the machine embodying the invention, the divfriend is entered inboard with respect to the transfer detecting member 2S9. This mechanism makes use of the previously described program control device to accomplish the alignment operation, which programming mechanism has been suitab y modified so as to cause the carriage to be automatically tabulated to the right until the division factors are properly aligned, after which the division phase of the operation will automatically take place in the manner previously described. For this purpose, division actuator bellcrank i62 (Fig. 3), which is pivotally mornted on pin 56 l is provided with a rearwardly extending anbears a stud 5%2 adapted to engage with the lower surface of an arcuate arm 583 which is keyed to a transverse shaft 564 and is continuously urged against the stud 5l2 by the resilient action of a coil spring 5E5 anchored at its lower end on a pin 586 carried by the control plate. As is best shown in Figs. 7 and 8, shaft 53 is journalled at its inner end in a downwardly depending bracket extension 568 supported on frame 42 and secured thereto by the screws Shaft 58% is provided with a lever to: adapted to engage with the horizontal contact surface 5H5 of a bent-over ear or right-angle extension 524 provided on the lower arm 5i3 of a shift clutch actuating lever 516 pivotally supported as at 5! i on a downwardly extending bracket 5-!2 suitably secured to frame 520. The uoper end of lever 5111 is provided with an ear 5! I having a hole therein which engages with one end of a coil i 8 having its other end anchored on a bearing support bracket 54?, which spring tends to continually urge lever 519 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 8.

Shaft 244 extends transversely across the carriage shift control mechanism shown in Figs. 7 and 8, has its inner end journalled in a bracket supported on an auxiliary frame member 528 carried by the frame 42 (see also Fig. 6). On opposite sides of the lever 5m shaft 244 has rotatably mounted thereon the oppositely d1sposed and spaced-apart shift clutch collars 52'! and each of which is rotatably held thereon by a set screw 534 (Fig. 8) cooperating with an annuar groove 532 formed in shaft 244 so as to allow free rotational movement While restraining The free end of arm 5G0 14 axial or longitudinal movement of the clutch. collars 52'! and 528 along the shaft. The right shift control collar 521 has an actuator 524 aifixed thereto which is operable to engage shift fork E34 and move the right shift rod [32 rearwardly so as to engage clutch teeth H8 with the associated gear sleeve 120 (Fig. 6). In a similar manner, the left shift control collar 528 carries an actuator 525, which upon engagement of a jaw clutch 523 with the collar 528, rotates with shaft 244 for engagement with its associated shift fork 31 in such a manner as to move the left shift control rod I35 rearwardly as shown in Fig. 6, with the result that the clutch teeth H8 are moved into operative engagement with gear sleeve HE. Supported on shaft 244 in a position between the clutch collars 521 and 528, and keyed to shaft 244 for rotation therewith while also being longitudinally or axially slidable therealong, is a shiftable jaw clutch 523 having an annular groove 529 thereon adapted to receive and retain in engagement therewith a shift pin. 519 (Fig. 7) affixed to and carried by the upper arm of lever 5H1. As shown in Fig. 8, shaft 244 has formed thereon a key way 525 extending longitudinally between the rotatably supported clutch collars 52! and 528, and a key 53! inserted through a suitable hole formed in the bottom of annular groove 529 in collar 523 engages with key way 526 in such a manner that the shift able jaw clutch 523 rotates with shaft 244, but can be longitudinally moved by lever 5E6 into engagement with either of the rotatably supported clutch collars 521 and 528. Thus, whenever jaw clutch and lever 5! are latched by a bar latch 536 in the right shift position shown in Fig. 8, jaw clutch 523 transmits torque from shaft 244 to clutch collar 52'! so as to move the right shift arm 52 5 into engagement with its associated shift fork I34. The shifting mechanism is then conditioned for shifting the register carriage to the right, that is, in the direction of decreasing orders. Whenever the lower end MS of lever 5H) is released from engagement with bar latch 535, however, lever 5E9 is moved countor-clockwise by spring 5H8 (Fig. 8) so as to release jaw clutch 523 from engagement with clutch collar 521' and to move the shiftable clutch into engagement with the oppositely disposed clutch collar 528, in which left shift enabling position jaw face 533 on the laterally shiftable clutch 523 is moved into operative engagement with a coacting jaw face on the left shift clutch control collar 528.

Bar latch 536 has an upwardly extending lug 553 (Fig. 8) thereon which is pivotally supported on a pin 512 carried by a bracket extension Ell which extends laterally outwardly from the lever supporting bracket 5l2. Latch 53.6 is vertically movable within groove or slot 5i5 (Fig. 7) provided at the lower end of lever 5it, and has a downwardly depending tooth 5552 on the lower edge thereof which is operable to engage with the coacting edges of slot H5. The bar latch 535 is urged clockwise by spring tie to the position shown in Fig. 8, and is rocked to a disengaged position, against the urgency of the spring, by lever 511. As is best shown in Fig. *1, latch 536 is provided at its other end with a right angle extension 5'54 having an oblong slot 515 (Fig. '7) therein. This slot is adapted to receive and retain for free sliding engagement therewith a pin 5'15 carried by an arm 5'37 secured to a shaft 558 extending transversely across the left side of the machine and journalled at its right end in bearthe right shift clutch collar 521 on shaft 244,.

and moves itinto operative engagement with the left shift clutch collar 528. It will be recalled that during operation of an automatic division mechanism of the type disclosed in Friden Pat ent No. 2,327,981 a predetermined rocking movement is intermittently imparted to shaft 244, and to the shiftable jaw clutch 523 carried thereby, by cam 245 on the programming control shaft #77, which rocking movement occurs whenever the nose 24! (Fig. 6) on cam 240 is positioned for operative engagement with the associated follower arm 242 carried by shaft 244.

As is shown in Figs. and 6, a shaft 538 extends transversely across the machine and is journalled in suitable bearing brackets carried by the crossframe 42. Shaft 538 has extending upwardly from the ends thereof a pair of spaced arms 542 which support for rotation about the axis of shaft 558 a transversely disposed bail or gate 545 which is provided with a rearwardly extending finger 54] for each order of the machine. Each such flnger is bent downwardly at its free end so as to coact with a transfer disk, or flange, 535 (Fig. 5) carried by the associated transfer hub 34. Thus, whenever a tens-transfer occurs in any intermediate order of the machine, the associated hub 14 and gear 75 are moved forwardly by the associated transfer lever H in such a manner as to impart through finger 54! a counter-clockwise movement (as viewed in Fig. 5) to bail 54B. Bail 540 is urged rearwardly (clockwise in Figs. 4 and 5) by means of a spring 553 which urges latch 554 downwardly, a face 559 on the latch bearing against the lower end of arm 544 rigidly secured to shaft 538. Since the free end of each such finger is continuously urged against its coacting transfer disk 535 by the coil spring 555, finger 54f follows disk 539 and moves clockwise about shaft 538' as an axis v hen, during the same cycle, cam 230 secured to the end of the associated actuator shaft 46 moves restore actuator 58! (Fig. 5) and its associated transfer gear 75 rearwardly toits normal or inactive position.

Referring now to Figs. 4 and 6, thereis shown a short transverse shaft 552 supported in suitable brackets extending rearwardly from frame 42 on the left-hand side of the machine, which shaft pivotally supports the forwardly extending inner finger latch 554 referred to above and an outer finger latch 55! for free turning movement about shaft 552 as an axis. Inner latch 554 is provided with a notch 545 at its free end and is continuously urged in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 4) by the resilient action of coil spring 553, one end of which is hooked through aperture 535. The upwardly extending lug or ear 559 on the inner latch 554 is adapted to coast with the downwardly extending arm 544 afiixed to shaft 558 in such a manner that counter-clockwise movement of gate 545, imparts a corresponding clockwise movement to inner latch 554 in opposition to the resilient action of spring 553. Outer latch 55! has a general configuration similar to that, of inner latch 554, the outer latch or hold pawl 55! being pivotally supported for free turning movei6 ment about shaft 552' and having a notch 545 on the free end thereof corresponding in general configuration to notch 543 on latch 554.

As. is shown. in Fig. 4, shaft 555 has keyed thereto, in a position adjacent to overdraft control link 21?, an upwardly extending arm 55'! provided at its free end with a triangular slot 555 which receives for free sliding engagement with the sides thereof a pin 555 carried bythe lower portion of control link 2 ll. Shaft 558 also has secured thereto an upwardly and forwardly extending arm55il whose rearward upper surface coacts with a pin 546 carried by outer latch 55!, which pin is urged against arm 555 by the resilient action of a coil spring 559 having one endsecured to the pin and its other end afiixed to a right angle extension 5'58 formed on the free end of arm 555. It will be recalled that shaft 558 is operatively connected to bar latch 535 through arm 5?! and pin 5T5 (see also Fig. 8). Thus, whenever an ovedraft occurs which moves shaft extension 225 in a predetermined higher order of the machine forwardly, as viewed in Fig. 4, pin 555causes arm 55?, shaft 558, and arm 555 to turn counter-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 4, and bar latch 535 is releasedfrom its right shift position. Thereupon outer latch 55! is moved counter-clockwise through the urgency of spring 555 into its lowermost position wherein notch 545 thereon forms a latching engagement with a pin 554 carried by the upwardly extending arm 582 of a flag actuator 555.

Flag actuator 555 (Fig; 4) is. pivotally supported as at 555 on a bracket 55? carried by crossframe 4B, and is provided with an upwardly extending cam follower 584 and a downwardly extending arm 555. The actuator 555 is urged in a clockwise direction by a tension spring 558. The cam follower 584 on actuator 555 engages with a restoring cam 549 (Fig. 4) carried by shaft 455; which cam is operable once each revolution to turn actuator 555 counter-clockwise, in opposition to the'action of spring 555, to its nor mally disabled or fully-cocked position wherein pin 554 thereon engages with either notch 545 on outer latch 55!, or with the notch 543 on inner latch 554 in the manner illustrated in significant dividend figures standing to the leftof the detecting member 219.

Operation In the operation of a calculating machine embodying an automatic division alignor constructed and operated in accordance with the instant invention, a depression of division key I45 actuates the automatic division mechanism in such a manner as to impart a clockwise movement to shaft 2|3- (Fig. 4), thereby rocking the abutment end. 224. of control link 2H into operative position with respect toflag 232 so as to enable operation of the division programming control mechanism, which enabling position of :to gate 540 about its supporting shaft 538.

link 211 with respect to flag 232 is continuously maintained by latching of the stud I85 and connecting lever I until the completion of the automatic division operation. Key 145 also releases division actuator [62 so that the movement imparted thereto by spring I64 (Fig. 3) rocks shaft 554 and arm 501 (Fig. 7), which arm imparts a clockwise movement to lever 510 (Fig. 8) and moves the jaw clutch 523 to the right shift position illustrated in Fig. 8, in which position spring 515 moves bar latch 535 downwardly so as to form a latching engagement between tooth 550 on the latch and the groove 515 provided on the lower end of lever 510.

During the alignment phase of the automatic operating sequence, arm 560 (Fig. 4) presses against pin 546 on outer latch 55! so as to hold the latter in its fully-raised or inactive position wherein the notch 545 thereon is held out of engagement with the pin 564 provided at the top of flag actuator 565. Whenever the machine is in the full-cycle position illustrated in Fig. 4, spring 563 also urges inner latch 554 counter-clockwise so that the notch 543 thereon engages with pin 554 to disable the flag actuator 565. The machine now proceeds to subtract the divisor from the dividend until a tens-carry results in any intermediate order of the machine, whereupon the transfer gear and as- :sociated restore actuator 58! in that intermediate order are moved forwardly, or towards the left as viewed in Fig. 5, with the result that ;the associated disk 539 on the transfer hub 14 moves its coacting finger 54l forwardly so as to impart a counter-clockwise rocking movement This rocking movement of gate 540 causes the downwardly extending arm 544 carried by shaft 538 to press against the coacting ear 559 so as to move the inner latch 554 clockwise, as viewed :in Fig. 4, to its fully-raised position wherein ithe notch 543 thereon is released from latching engagement with pin 554 on flag actuator 555. Such movement of latch 554 enables the actuator to turn the flag 232 clockwise about shaft 111 under the urgency of spring 5'68 until the upper end of flag 232 comes to rest against the forward surface of disk 234. Hence, upon the rocking of gate 540 about its shaft 538 in response to a tens-carry operation, the flag bail 225 (Fig. r 4) will be rocked clockwise against the action of spring 221 so as to move the flag 232 into the j path of pin 233 and thereby cause the program control shaft 111 to be moved to its rightmost or operative position. During the alignment phase of the operating sequence, the program control mechanism will function as in the case. of a division operation with the exception that 2 the carriage Will be shifted one ordinal space to 2 the right for each rotation of the shaft I11 in- ;stead of to the left as in automatic division. 1 In this manner the carriage will be moved in a direction to cause the highest digits of the I dividend and divisor to be automatically brought into alignment prior to the outset of the division operation.

Although the above-described mechanism is responsive to a tens-transfer in any intermediate order to control right shift of the carriage and the entry of a substantial portion of the quotient into the revolutions counter during the aligniment phase of the operating sequence, an independent control mechanism which is responsive to an overdraft in a predetermined higher order of the machine is provided to disable the tenstransfer responsive mechanism, to reverse the direction of carriage shift, and to enable the programming mechanism to control the operation of the machine during automatic division in the manner previously described. Preferably, though not necessarily, this overdraft responsive mechanism is associated with the second positively actuated order beyond the keyboard. For example, in a machine having a ten-order keyboard, the predetermined overdraft-responsive order with which the shaft extension 2253 is associated is the twelfth order of the machine. Upon the forward movement of shaft 220 caused by the occurrence of an overdraft in this predetermined higher order, the resulting movement imparted to link 211 (Fig. 4) moves arm 551 counter-clockwise through the pin-and-slot connection provided by pin 555 and triangular slot 556. Shaft 55% and arm 560 form an integral assembly with arm 551, which assembly is rocked counterclockwise along with arm 551 in such a manner that spring 559 is tensioned to move the outer latch 55l in a counter-clockwise direction from the raised or inactive position illustrated in Fig. 4 to its lowermost position wherein notch 545 on latch 55! engages with pin 554 on arm 582 so as to disable the flag actuator 565 throughout the automatic division phase of the operating sequence. This counter-clockwise movement irnparted to shaft 558 by arm 551 also moves pin 516 carried by arm 511 towards the right within slot 515, as viewed in Fig. '7, thereby imparting a corresponding counter-clockwise movement to bar latch 535 (see also Fig. 8) which releases tooth 550 thereon from latching engagement with the lower end of lever 513. The resulting counter-clockwise movement imparted to lever 5H3 by spring 5l8 releases the shiftable jaw clutch 523 from engagement with the right shift clutch collar 521 and moves it into engagement with clutch collar 528 in such a manner as to enable the carriage shift mechanism for left shift operation. Although the occurrence of tenstransfers within the intermediate orders of the machine will cause inner latch 554 to be intermittently moved into disabling engagement with pin 554 on actuator 555 during both the alignment and automatic division phases of the operating sequence, this rocking movement of inner latch 554 is operative to intermittently permit actuator 555 to move flag 232 into engagement with pin 233 on disk 235 only during the alignment phase of the operating sequence. During the automatic division phase, actuator 555 is continuously disabled by the outer latch or holding pawl 561, and flag 232 is intermittently rocked into engagement with pin 233 in the manner hereinbefore described by the overdraft responsive movement of control link 2 51 of the normal divislon control mechanism, during which movement pin 555 is free to move within the triangular slot 556 provided at the free end of arm 551.

When any given number is to be divided by any other given number on the present machine, the operator first enters the dividend into the accumulator wheels 5|, with the dividend figures inboard of the detecting member 219, no significant figure of the dividend being in a higher ordinal position than the member 2l9. The dividend may be entered by setting this figure on the amount keys 25 and depressing the plus bar so as to give the machine a single cycle of operation, thereby causing the amount to be entered into the accumulator wheels in a positive sense, or alternatively the dividend may be entered into the wheels 6! by means of the twirler-knobsnor- ,lm ally provided on the upper ends of the numeral wheel shafts'59. The dividend having been entered into llhE'WhGGlS tifand the revolutions 1 counter -wheels 80 having'been zeroized, theop- 5 erator then sets the divisor on the amount keys Q20 and depresses the division key- Hi5 so as to T trip the division setting actuator 162 (Fig. 3), which causes'shaft 554 to be rocked (clockwise in Fig. 7) so as to impart a corresponding clockwise 10 turning movement to lever 5N! (Fig. 8) and condition theright shift clutch for engagement, in which position lever 510 is retained in latching engagement,withbar'latch 535 at the beginning ofsuchgpp eration, as previously described, and

put er latch ESQ-(Fig. 4) is also retained out of engagement with-pin 58 on flag actuator 555. At the same time, the overdraft control link 2" (Fig. 4) will be raised in position behind the bail 1225 so as to enable operation of the program control device duringthe actual dividing operation which follows immediately-after the factors have been properly aligned.- When the division key J45 is depressed, the electric driving motor will beenergiZed and the main clutch engaged in the A well-known manner so as to initiate cycling of themain operating mechanism of themachine.

Since the machine isautomatically set for. subgtraction upon a depression of key 105-, the subtraction process proceeds until a tens-transfer occurs, during i which time the revolutions cpunter-wheels 00 proceed to enter aportion of the dividend; As soon as a tens-carry occurs, however, inner latch 555i is moved by rocker arm 1544, out of latching engagement with actuator [565, thereby enabling the latter to move flag 232 into operative engagement with pin 233 so that @the p-rogram' control device will be'efi'ective to cause a predetermined sequence of; add, shift, and subtract cycles to automatically take place'.- 'Dur- 4Q i ing each such sequencethe carriage 08 is moved I lone'orgiinal space to theright for each complete revolution of the mutilated programming gear ,f.; l93' (l*fig. 3L The machine-will continue'operj ating in this manner until the carriage has-been (shifted suiiiciently far to" the right to cause the 1 highes t digitinthe dividend to be positioned in alignment'vvith the highest digit in the divisor, ,iwhereupon an overdraft will occur in a predeter- *m ined higher order of the machine so as to move jithe transfer pin: 22! forwardly and impart a L o ounter clockwise movement to'arm shaft "1 11558, and'armtfie (asviewed in'Fig. 4), thereby mlov ing outer latch Etiintolatching ordisabling engagement with actuator 555, and simultaneous- 5 5' ly 'releasing barlatch BIiG so as to allow lever 5H! 1,. to bemoved to the left carriage shift position pnder the urgency of spring 5l8 "(seealso Fig. 8). "I During the automatic division operationwhich then ensues, and which-is fully described in Friden 6o 1PatentNo. 2, 229,890, the divisor willbe subtracted fromthe dividend -a sumcient number of times to, cause'an, overdraft to occur in the-higher orderaccumulator: wheels, whereupon link 2i! {(F 'ig. 4) will be movedforward by-yokei I9 so as ,1 to rock the fiagf225 into operative position to ,'cause cycling of the'programming control mechanism. Thiswill result in adding back the divisor so as to correct the overdraft, then a left shifting movement of the carriage will occur, and

inally the gate- 67 will be set for subtraction. Since a substantial portion of the quotient has fbeen enteredinto the revolutions counter. during the alignment phase of the operatingsequence,

the subtraction will frequently occur only once 7 m'before an overdraft [occurs in the accurnulator dialsduring the division phase so as toga se flag i 225 to again be set'in operative position-and again .cause..cycling of the program control mechanism to be initiated. This operation will be'continued until the carriage has reached its extreme ;leftthand position, whereupon the divisionoperation fwilllbe automatically terminated and., ,s top; cy-

doling of-themachine. The machine isnowready for another division operation in which thedividend is entered into the accumulator wheels and =the1 divisor is set up on the keys, after which; the.

divisiontkey is depressed so as tq-againpet-thedivision aligner mechanism into operation in the manner previously described so as to cause right-- hand shifting ofthe carriage until th e ,factors: i. are aligned, afterwhich the conventionalautomatic division mechanism will takeover control.

1 of the machine'and cause division of the dividend to be completed ina fully automatic nanner.

1." The following, sample calculation fur,ther illustrates the operating sequence followedduring; alignment prior to. the outset of an automatic; .division operation, and also illustrates;the;n1anher in which a substantial portion ofthe quotient. is entered .into the revolutions counter dials 6 i;

during thealignment phase of theoperating se-- .l quence. ..Consider. thez.,simple ldivi sion problem: i .whereinadividend of f20042is tobe dividedby a:

divisor of 2? on the keyboard, with the carriage 'lshifted out of alignment so, that the '23, in the:

divisor is initially below the 4 in'the-secondi order of. th'edividend. ,This example islillustraw tive of the mode of operation only, and numerous:

other: computations of Varyingv complexity in;- 'volving other initial positions of thelcarriaee may,.

ofcourse, beirapidly andeasilysolvedfbyma-- chinef constructed. and operated in accordance with the instant invention without departing: from the'spirit or. the scope thereof.,,; ?ollowing; adepression of the divisioncontroljkey, two sub-- tractivecycleslare, completedand.;.re corded in therevolutions counter dials of. the-machine so;

that-thelatter reads. 2 when the dividend has been-reduced to 520002.? On thethird subtractive cycle a tens-transfer occurs, however, at;.;which T time the, revolutions counter dialisuchanged to 3- while th'ehdividend reads ff1-998233 Ihe resulting tens-transfer enables, the programming control mechanism to. cause an: additionicycle whichretur'ns the. dividend to ffZOGOZ/Lturns the counterback to "2,f' -and also initiates .a;right shift operation which places the 70?. in therthird order of thedividend immediately-cover the digramming controlmechanism toefiect a; corrective addition cycle, thus restoring thedividend to-20002 and changing therevolutio'ns counter dials to 02, atwhich time the seccndlshift operation-aligns-the divisor withlthefcl in the fourth order of the dividend. During theifollowlng subtractive cycle, the dividend is reduced to 18002,? and the revolutions counter reads 102. --The resultingtens-transfer causes. an additive cyclewhichrestoresthe.dividendback to -20002, changesthe revolutions counter to 002,- and immediately thereafter moves. the. carriage one, more place tothe right so that the divisor is inalignment with t 2f? intheifi h rh sh ti of the; dividend The first subtractive -,cycle which then followsreduces the dividend to 00002 while changing the revolutions counter to 1002. The second following subtractive cycle produces an overdraft, however, which actuates detent pin 22 in a predetermined higher order of the machine, thus disabling actuator 555, releasing bar latch 535 so as to enable the carriage shift mechanism for left shift operation, and enabling pin 233 to immediately thereafter move the mutilated programming gear I88 to its active position by actuating control link 2|! in such a manner as to bring flag 232 into operative engagement with pin 233. Since a substantial portion of the quotient has previously been entered into the accumulator during the alignment phase of the operating sequence, the number of subtractive cycles required during automatic division is substantially reduced, thus substantially decreasing the length of time which would otherwise be required to complete the automatic division phase of the operating sequence.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine of the class described having a plural order value entering means, a register shiftable relative thereto, and a revolutions counter carried by the said register, a normal division mechanism including a detecting member at the higher order end of said amount entering means and being responsive to an overdraft in a predetermined higher order of said register for controlling operation of the machine in cycles including respectively an addition operation, a register shift to the left and initiation of a subtraction operation in the next lower order of the register, means for entering the dividend in said register inboard of said detecting member with no significant dividend figure in an a order to the left of said detecting member, and means for setting the divisor in said value entering means, in combination with an auxiliary mechanism responsive to tens-transfers within the inboard orders of the machine for modifying the control exercised by the said normal division mechanism in such a manner as to cause register shifting to the right and entering of a substantial portion of the quotient into the revolutions counter while automatically bringing the said register into a predetermined alignment with the said value entering means, power operated means for actuating the said auxiliary mechanism, and means responsive to operation of said detecting member during register shifting to the right for disabling said power operated means and stopping carriage shifting to the right when said predetermined alignment has been effected, and for maintaining said power operated means disabled during the ensuing automatic division operation.

2. A calculating machine adapted to perform division operations comprising a frame, a value entering means mounted on said frame for receiving the various digits of a divisor, a register carriage including a revolutions counter mounted for endwise shifting movement on the said frame, a plurality of ordinally arranged register wheels rotatably mounted on the said carriage, the said wheels being settable to represent the various digits of the dividend, a tens-carry mechanism for transferring a unit from a lower order register wheel to a higher order register wheel, a detecting member at the higher order end of said value entering means operable in response to an overdraft in one of said register wheels ordinally aligned therewith, means for entering a dividend in said register inboard of said detecting member with no significant dividend figure in a higher ordinal position than said detecting member, a division aligning mechanism automatically controlled by the tens-carry mechanism in any inboard order of the machine for successively subtracting the divisor from the dividend while entering a substantial portion of the quotient into the said revolutions counter, the said division aligning mechanism being operable to automatically shift the said carriage intermittently in the direction of decreasing orders so as to bring the higher order wheels thereon into predetermined aligned relationship with respect to the said value entering means, and an automatic division mechanism responsive to operation of said detecting member caused by an overdraft in a single predetermined higher order of the machine for reversing the direction of carriage shift.

3. In a calculating machine capable of performing division operations by the successive subtraction method, the combination of a frame, a shiftable carriage mounted on the said frame, a register comprising a plurality of ordinally arranged register wheels in the said carriage adapted to receive a dividend registration, means for shifting the said carriage either in the direction of increasing orders of the register or in the direction of decreasing orders thereof, a plural order value setting device on Which the various digits of a divisor may be set, a reversible transmission mechanism for enabling a divisor set up on the said device to be selectively entered additively or subtractively into the said register wheels, a tens-transfer mechanism, a

detecting member at the higher order end of said value setting device operable in response to an overdraft in one of said register wheel ordi-- narly aligned with said detecting member, means.

for entering the dividend in said register inboard of said detecting member with no significant dividend figure in a higher ordinal position than said detecting device, a programming mechanismnorr-ially responsive to an overdraft in a mode-- termin d higher order of said register for con-- trolling and timing the operation of the reversible transmission mechanism and of the carriage: shifting means to effect shifting of the carriage in the direction of increasing orders during automatic division, an auxiliary control mechanism responsive to a tens transfer in any inboard order of the machine for controlling operation of the said programming mechanism to cause a reverse operation of said carriage shifting means, power actuated means for enabling operation of the said auxiliary control mechanism, and means actuated by the said detecting member for disabling the said power means.

4. In a calculating machine having an automatic division mechanism which includes a keyboard on which the digits of a divisor may be set, a carriage laterally shiftable with respect to the keyboard, a register in the said carriage on which the digits of a dividend may be set, a tens-transfer mechanism, a detecting memher at the higher order end of said keyboard operable in response to an overdraft in an order of said register ordinarily aligned with said de-- tecting member, and means for entering the dividend in said register inboard of said detecting member with no significant dividend figure in a higher ordinal position than said detecting member, in combination. with a shiftable clutch operable to reverse the direction of shift of the said carriage, mechanism responsive to operation of said detecting member caused by an overdraft in a predetermined higher order of the machine to position the said clutch for left shift operation,

of tl v l 1 to position the saidblut'clr for right? shift oper- 'ation, programming dev'ice successively con- ""ecua 'sm respeusive to a 'tns 'transfer many 3 inboard orders f :the machine" operable trolled 'b y the 'saiiit'ens transfer responsive mechanism and 'said overdraft" responsive detecting member: for controllinguninterrupted cycling of the machine, a normally inactiveactuating ineansf'for enabling said programming device to "efi'e'ct shifting or sai'dcarf-iag'e'm the "right, mech- --ar'iism responsiveto atom-transfer in any inboardordjer'o'fthe machine for-alternatively rendering thesaidactdating" means active and restoring' the s'ame to its 'inactive'position, and meansc'c'introlled said detecting member for retaining said actuating means in normal positiOn alId conditioliing' the machine for Shifting of t-he carriage to the left. g

In a"-caiculating machine'having an "autoatic board on""\vhich the digits of the divisor may be set; a sh'iitable carriageincluding a register on which"the digits of adividend may be entered, a

-- carriage' shift" control mechanism normally" opefable 0 "cause left's'hift of the-said carriage, meansroperated-by the depres'sio'n' of a division control key' forpo'sitioning the said' shift control mechanism '-so as to' ca'u'se right shift Operation of the saidca'rriage, ate'ns transfer mechanism, a detetin'g' memberatthe left of said keyboard and'bei'n 're's'p'onsivetoan'overdraft in anorder of "saicl' 'regist'er o'r'd-inally aligned with said detectingniember ndmeans for-entering the div- 1 id'end in said q ggtingmembercaused by an overdraft in apredetermine ighei order ofthe 'rnachine for releasingthe "shift control mechanism from the said right shift position, the" combination 'v'vliich compri es cyclically operable programing device'iidrmally controlled by the said overdraft responsive tiletedtihg"'I'Iiefnliiei' for operating =-"the 'said "division mechanism and the said shift "*s'aid'actuator is n'ot disabled by the said overdraft" responsive detecting member; and i oam' factuatedflrn 'ans for res'toring 'th 'said actuator to its inaetive'position fol-lowing each'such release thereof. v i

6.- In" a{ calcu1ating macliineof '"the' class described" having a' val'ue entering means for receiving' a'-- divisor" factor-fa register for receiving afdividend -fa'ctor,' means for transmitting the saiddividend 'factor fr'om- 'the said valueenter-v ing meahsmto thesaid register; means "for shifting the said register "relative to'the said value entering me'ans, a tens-transfer mechanism, a

detecting member at'the higher order end of said value' entering-means andbeing responsive to an overdraft inan order of'said register ordinal- 1y aiigned- 'With said detecting member, and I means for entering the-dividend 'factor in-said register inboard of said detecting member with no significant dividend factorfi ureina higher visionine'clianism which includes a key ordinal position 'thansaid-detecting member; the

combination 'with ameohanism for automaticallydividingthe dividend by the divisor Which-comprises a' positiona'ble membenmovable from a g'normal "idle position to an active position; and

meansresponsive to olperation'oi" said detecting "member caused by an overdraft in a; predeter- "mined higher order of the machine fOrintermittently moving said positionable member from 0' the idle to the active posit-ion'during automatic division, aligning mecl'ianismiorfefiecting shifting of-said-register to align-the dividend fact-or therein with the-divisor factorin-said value entering'means; said aligning mechanismiincluding-ac- 5' t'uating means independently controliedby a tenstransfer inany inboardorder of themachinei for 'moving the said positionablemember-from its idle to its activeposition,-1neansresponsive to tens-transfers -Within' the-inboard orders 'of :the

machine for intermittently releasing-"the? said actuating means during automatic alignment of the said dividend with the "divisor prior to-the outset of the division operation, and means con- -trolled by said detecting-"member"fordisabling said actuating means at the' end'of an'aligning operation and maintainingjsaid actuating means disabledduring the ensuing divisionop'eration.

' '7. 1n a calculating machine of theclass described having a plural order? value indexing means, an'actuating means, a registerfshiftable relative thereto, and meansforshiftingsaid'register, the combination Which-comprises a normal division mechanism forcontrolling' operation of the machine and the shifting of the said register during automatic divisionfsaid imechanism including means for controllingoperation of said actuating means for a plural cycle subtraction, a detecting member atthe-highe'r orderend of said value indexing means responsive to-"an overdraft 40 in a predetermined higher orderof said-register,

' a shift controlmember"resiliently'biased to a -'position to cause aloft-shift operation of said shifting means; and means controlled by-s'aid detecting memberfor-initiating' operation of said 5 shifting means; adivision control-member operative to initiate operation-of'said; division mechanism; means operated by said di-visioncontrol member-for positioning said shiftcontrol member in a position to cause right'shift operation of said 56 shifting means; means ior-latchingr said shift control member in said right shift position; and an auxiliary control device-responsiveto tenstransfers Within theinboard orders of the machine for initiating operation-of said shifting means; and means controlled by the said detect- ----ing memberfor disablingthe-sa-id auxiliary control devicemeans and ior releasingsaid latch.

- Ina calculating machine'capable of auto- -'-maticallycarrying out-problems'in division and -having a value-indexing means; a'dividend receiving register shiftable relative thereto,- means for' shifting said registerin either-direction ineluding ashift initiating-member normally biased --to cause a-leftshift ofsaid carriage when-said member is operated; a differential" actuator for operation and a detecting'member' at thehigher order end of said value entering means operable myresponse to an overdraft in a predetermined hrgher'order of said registerto initiate aseries --0f operations including-operation of said shift initiating member; an'd means for initiating op 25 eration of said division control mechanism, the combination which comprises means operated by said initiating means for positioning said shift initiating member to cause a right shift of said carriage when said member is operated, latching means for latching said shift initiating member in said right shiftposition, an auxiliary control mechanism responsive to a tens-transfer in any inboard order of the machine, power operated means controlled by the said auxiliary control mechanism for operating said shift initiating member, and means controlled by operation of said detecting member for disabling the said auxiliary control mechanism and releasing said latch.

GEORGE W. HOPKINS.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,327,981 Friden Aug. 31, 1943 10 2,365,507 Allen Dec. 19, 1944 2,408,097 Pott Sept. 24, 1946 2,416,809 Avery Mar. 4, 1947 

